Preheat oven to 350 degrees. Line 12 cupcake tins, or spray generously with butter or oil.
In a small bowl, sift together the lime zest and white sugar. Add to a larger bowl along with the butter and brown sugar. Cream for 2-3 minutes with a hand or stand mixer. Blitz in eggs one at a time until fully incorporated, then add vanilla and beat.
In a separate bowl, sift together 1 1/2 cups flour, baking powder, baking soda, and salt. Add half of the buttermilk to the butter mixture and beat; then, add half of the flour mixture and whip until just combined. Repeat alternating pattern with the other half of the buttermilk and the flour mix, beating until the last streak of flour is incorporated. Do not overmix.
Toss blueberries with 2 tsp flour. With a spatula, fold blueberries and blueberry jam into the batter.
Spoon batter evenly into the cupcake tins. Bake for 30-35 minutes until the center is just set and a toothpick inserted comes out clean. Let cool in the cupcake tin for 10 minutes, then move cakes to a wire rack. Cool completely.
When cooled, it's time to frost those babies! In a food processor, blitz the freeze dried blueberries into a fine powder. This will yield about 3 tbsp of powder. In a bowl, beat together the butter, powdered sugar, blueberry powder, lime juice, whipping cream, and vanilla. Start with 1 tablespoon each of lime juice and cream and adjust to taste and texture. The buttercream should be fluffy and thick.
Frost cooled cupcakes. Be as fancy as you wish!